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Since the late s synthetic GC e g prednisone
2022-02-25

Since the late 1940s, synthetic GC (e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) have been used extensively in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, and for their immunosuppressant action in preventing organ rejection post transplantation. Cortico
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Although the ramifications of non additive SAR
2022-02-25

Although the ramifications of non-additive SAR are context-dependent, the knowledge that perturbations in one region of a chemical series are not synergistic with perturbations in another region of the same chemical series is clearly pertinent to any medicinal chemistry effort. In our experience, no
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Most of the above mechanisms
2022-02-25

Most of the above mechanisms are implicated in attenuation of myocardial I/R injury. However, the role of GalR2 receptor activation in cardioprotection remains unclear because of the lack of receptor subtype selectivity of peptides G2 and G3. It has been shown that Ala5-galanin (2–11) (G4) has a hig
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Despite the central role of mitochondria in oxidative metabo
2022-02-24

Despite the central role of mitochondria in oxidative metabolism, it remains unclear whether mitochondria play a central role in ferroptosis. Supporting this possibility, ferroptosis is associated with dramatic morphological changes of mitochondria, including mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae
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Taking all these results into
2022-02-24

Taking all these results into account, we propose a model for the evolution of HIV DNA forms in blood during the natural history of HIV infection (Fig. 4a). During PHI, the labile linear and episomal HIV DNA forms are particularly abundant and mostly constitute evidence of active replication in rece
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All of the designed compounds was synth http www
2022-02-24

All of the designed compounds – was synthesized from -cyclopropane aldehyde , which was prepared following a procedure we reported previously. Treatment of with 4-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine in pyridine constructed benzimidazole structure of , which was subjected to deprotection and subsequent oxidat
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A second H R antagonist with benzamide
2022-02-24

A second H3R antagonist with benzamide-based structure from Johnson & Johnson is JNJ-31001074, known as Bavisant and under chemical IUPAC name of (4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]methanone. It is a compound with molecular weight 329.44, HBA four, and MLogP 1.52 encompass
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To interrogate the molecular basis for the myocardial
2022-02-24

To interrogate the molecular basis for the myocardial phenotype in mutant hearts, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis of genes encoding critical endocardium-derived molecules including Nrg1 and Efnb2. Nrg1 expression was reduced in E13.5 mutant hearts as compared to
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Despite these studies little is known about the
2022-02-24

Despite these studies, little is known about the regulation of defence genes during AM root colonization. In the present study, we characterized the Ptc52 gene from tomato (named here as SlPtc52), a member of the gene family of non-heme oxygenases, and analysed its molecular characteristics. This g
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Main Text There are over
2022-02-24

Main Text There are over 200 small GTPases that play critical roles in diverse fundamental cellular processes such as signal transduction, Schizandrin A dynamics, and intracellular trafficking. Most of the GTPases act as switch-like molecules by cycling between the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-boun
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In order to determine whether
2022-02-24

In order to determine whether NF-κB could interact with GSTP1-1 promoter, we performed EMSA. One NF-κB like (−98κB) binding site was previously described in the GSTP1-1 promoter as a regulator element. However, few data about this site have been published and its role in the GSTP1-1 gene regulation
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Both plant hormones and some second
2022-02-24

Both plant hormones and some second messengers are involved in Fe-deficiency-related responses in plants (Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2012). Among these second messengers, nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was induced by Fe deficiencies in tomato and Arabidopsis roots, and it acts as the downstream signal
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Studies utilising GPR mice however report different
2022-02-24

Studies utilising GPR55−/− mice, however, report different effects of GPR55 on body weight and insulin sensitivity. Genetic deletion of GPR55 appears to have no effect on overall body weight 5, 6, 7. However, one of these studies found increased fat deposition and insulin resistance in GPR55−/− mice
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Recently an increasing number of studies have highlighted th
2022-02-24

Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial role of nociceptive factors produced by microglia under neuropathic pain conditions (Mika et al., 2013; Popiolek-Barczyk and Mika, 2016). iNOS is an important pronociceptive factor that is strictly expressed by microglia/macropha
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Previously we have shown that rapid action of E
2022-02-23

Previously, we have shown that rapid action of E2in vitro is mediated through two E2 membrane receptors, GPR30 (GPER1) and the STX-sensitive membrane receptors (Noel et al., 2008; Kenealy et al., 2011a, Kenealy et al., 2011b). This is significantly different from receptors implicated in the positive
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